tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-32713083885902632832024-03-12T19:12:08.327-07:00Cushicle and SuitaloonAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comBlogger26125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-57638998324255199932012-12-11T10:34:00.000-08:002012-12-11T13:09:02.891-08:00Experiencing the Living City<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">Sketch of Exhibition <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 17px; text-align: left;">at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London on 19th June-2nd August 1963</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> Archigram
believed that the city was the single distinct organism and <i>the Living City</i>
Exhibition is a response to the city life. During this time, many argued that
the submissive process of building cities has lost all its past spirits
including Jane Jacob and William H. Whyte. It became a search for a way back to
when city was full of life and enthusiasm. However, discussion surrounded the
question of whether not only of their developing trends and changes, but more
important of their existence. This concept is a focus on the man as a subject
and as the one who sets up the condition and mood of the environment. Fearing
the lost of cities would lead to the sprawl of the suburban because of its high
standards of comfort, Archigram tries to create an experience in the
exhibition. Although there are many bad qualities to the city such as “corruption
of the young, overcrowding, exposure to risk”, but by creating a series of
small rooms, where the people walking around will share an experience in the
space, Archigram was showing the positives. Using only triangles is a sensible choice as a
structural feature to separate the spaces, each division is its own theme
including: “Man, Survival, Community, Communications, Movements, Place and
Situation".The boundaries of spaces are not clear as it is similar to reality, they coincide with each other. As Peter Cook states: “‘Why have you not stated an answer to the
problem, why have you not an image of the city of the future?’ We feel that it
has been primarily necessary to define the problem. We have set the scene. We
have attempted to capture that indefinable something: the </span><i style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Living City</i><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">”.
This was the beginning of the group’s extended reaction to the cities of the
future.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The triangular units, which can be prefabricated, to form 'gloops' (different spaces) in plan.</span></td></tr>
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<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-86060619476448631882012-12-10T22:45:00.002-08:002012-12-11T10:23:17.064-08:00Furniture Manufacturers Association Headquarters <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Courier; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> This was fourth year project that attracted Peter Cook and David Greene to Micheal Webb. Reyner
Banham, architectural critic and prolific writer, called it
"Bowel-ism" referring to Webb's influence of organic forms. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgHfEG4v_YIoHs0QSYYEUdcj5xt0y4gKVlnC1U-7rvPihHZ_WHRYbzHbSen1IRVixWHl1H9lytlzUI2SQeF-w6Pbatm71cJwnqe86JDD3oODjF6GRYwdUx5IdPjaBo7b_CShP5sCLR6sEYQiZCH1p0zt5en5jLxb4owq1Kf2wnhBUlYY6Qdb7Qz=" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Michael Webb. Furniture Manufacturers Association Headquarters, project, High Wycombe, England, Side elevation. 1957-58" border="0" src="http://www.moma.org/collection_images/resized/742/w500h420/CRI_11742.jpg" height="368" width="500" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Graphite and ink on tracing paper mounted on board
showing precast concrete biomorphic structure by Mike Webb (1957-58)</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/12/5/1354724555117/The-Archigram-Office-inte-010.jpg" height="384" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="640" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">Archigram office in 1972</span><br />
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">“ The happenings within spaces in the city, the transient
throw-away objects, the passing presence of cars and people are as important,
possibly more important in determining our whole future attitude to the
visualization and realization of city” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>- Warren Chalk (Archigram member)</strong></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">“We are in pursuits of an idea, a new vernacular, something
to stand alongside the space capsules, computers and throw-away packages of an
atomic/ electronic age”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>- Warren Chalk (Archigram member)<o:p></o:p></strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">
“…somebody once said to me, ‘Don’t you want to
see it built, don’t you want to be an architect?’ To my mind, the assumptions
behind these questions betray a misunderstanding as to what the work of
Archigram represents. A misreading of it as a set of proposals, a set of
windows through which to see a ‘new world’, is only a rather pathetic
regurgitation of the dogma which asserts that architectural drawings are
representations of something that wishes to become."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>-David Greene (Archigram member)</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong><br /></strong></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">“ The rounded corners, the hip,
gay, synthetic colors pop-culture props all combine to suggest an
architecture of plastic, steel and aluminium, the juke boz and neon- lit
street, the way a city environment should be”<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><strong>- Archigram</strong></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The diagonal, “ is not only a product of current engineering </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">experimental</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> preference, but </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">implies</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> a purpose of the structure that is new to
buildings: To provide an umbrella whithin which growth and change can take
place”</span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>-Archigram</strong></span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">“The fundamental characteristics of futuristic architecture
will be expendability and transience. Our house will last less time than we do,
every generation must make its own city” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>- Archigram<o:p></o:p></strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;">“ Almost without realizing it, we have absorbed into our
lives the first generation of expendables… food bags paper tissues, polythene
wrappers, ballpens, e.p’s … We throw them away almost as soon as we acquire them.
… Every level of society and with every level of commodity, the unchanging
scene is being replaced by the increase in change of our user-habitats— and thereby,
eventually, our user-habitats"</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;"><strong>- Archigram</strong></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-68774687127511872642012-12-10T20:18:00.003-08:002012-12-11T10:25:20.748-08:00Legacy: Anna Rewakowicz<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIu7IOoAcOnZGtUedHzYbqhMf0VAKNhm16BYNv3uilamUjyouMyj4HVQhY-IwXoPIXah3CvJvFyxRBfN02qFkcoblvEoAHpshqYn9ATT_B8lrkl2W2MEB5tFVqueMgtPtw599wVO2Y3gf/s1600/rewacowycz2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIu7IOoAcOnZGtUedHzYbqhMf0VAKNhm16BYNv3uilamUjyouMyj4HVQhY-IwXoPIXah3CvJvFyxRBfN02qFkcoblvEoAHpshqYn9ATT_B8lrkl2W2MEB5tFVqueMgtPtw599wVO2Y3gf/s320/rewacowycz2.jpg" height="197" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><i>Conversation bubble</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="background-color: white;"> Anna Rewakowicz is one of many modern artists influenced by Archigram. </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Her interest: "<span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">the 1960's</span><strong style="border: 0px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"> </strong><span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">avant-garde's desire to create alternative propositions for living". </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">She deals with contemporary issues of materialism and waste. </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">"W</span><span style="line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white;">e need to think about lightness, how to travel, live and transport lighter." </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px; text-align: justify;">Structures, materials and solar devices are all within her repertoire of concerns.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"> One of her projects in particular, the Sleeping Bag Dress, is inflatable, habitable clothing. Exhibit as <i>A modern day nomad who moves as she pleases </i>(2005)</span>, </span></span><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">it includes a series of videos playing her walking performances in</span></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Mexico City, transporting and inflating the dress. Not only is this a unmistakable reference to the Suitaloon, it also bears a striking resemblance to the 'Big Bag' exhibited at the by Archigram at Milan Triennale in 1967...</span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZpuLez_3TdPRe8W6N-gLh4yZ3x4QUad6alFUB699RPRlkYvAEC-OxGg_IUMKQby2SglDIZiI7b-RqUupU5-P2_9uJ-1DbYsU0ofFd8IO8j6ux172CYShMVQEieDkEo27Xo7qyQEhc2jPy/s1600/rewakowycz1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZpuLez_3TdPRe8W6N-gLh4yZ3x4QUad6alFUB699RPRlkYvAEC-OxGg_IUMKQby2SglDIZiI7b-RqUupU5-P2_9uJ-1DbYsU0ofFd8IO8j6ux172CYShMVQEieDkEo27Xo7qyQEhc2jPy/s320/rewakowycz1.jpg" height="280" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Ana Rewakowycz <i>Sleeping Bag Dress (2005)</i></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKXCcb83kI0dczC7sVZXeH7bfaLsFAGpdMDHWtOV0-TZXgGVy7aaq2FzccKUXzpKxF8OmAOnYHJaSinN0l4gq_RF63CkcFdR_ZQg9D6b2ZBeUC-Nqn8PJdIyTETP99Fp16X8SDM4KaisNb/s1600/big+bag.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKXCcb83kI0dczC7sVZXeH7bfaLsFAGpdMDHWtOV0-TZXgGVy7aaq2FzccKUXzpKxF8OmAOnYHJaSinN0l4gq_RF63CkcFdR_ZQg9D6b2ZBeUC-Nqn8PJdIyTETP99Fp16X8SDM4KaisNb/s320/big+bag.jpg" height="140" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Archigram's <i>Big Bag (1967)</i></span></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-1120796395130606572012-12-10T18:18:00.002-08:002012-12-11T10:27:09.417-08:00The Archigram Poem<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img src="http://www.gizmoweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/archigram-1.jpg" id="il_fi" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Cover in Archigram No. 1 (1961)</span></td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">The love is gone. </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">The poetry in brick is lost. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">We want to drag into building some of the poetry of</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">countdown, orbital helmets. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">discord of mechanical body transportation methods</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">and leg walking</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Love gone. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Lost</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">our fascinating intricate</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">movings are trapped in soggen</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">brown packets all hidden all</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">art and front, no bone no love.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">A new generation of architecture must arise</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">with forms and spaces which seems to reject</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">the precepts of 'Modern' yet in fact</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">retains these precepts. WE HAVE CHOSEN TO</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">BYPASS THE DECAYING BAUHAUS IMAGE</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">WHICH IS AN INSULT TO FUNCTIONALISM.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">You can roll out steel any length</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">You can blow up a balloon any size</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">You can mould plastic any shape</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> blokes that built the forth bridge </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> THEY DIDN'T WORRY</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">You can roll out paper any length</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">take Cambers' dictionary THAT'S LONG</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">You can build concrete any height</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">FLOW? water flows or doesn't or does</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> flow or not flows</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">YOU CAN WEAVE STRING any mesh</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">TAKE THIS TABLE you've got a top there</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> top and four legs</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">you can sit IN it you sit ON it, UNDER it or half under</span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><div style="text-align: right;">
A poem in <i>Archigram 1</i> by David Greene.</div>
</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> </span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-65627358860023760692012-12-10T17:30:00.000-08:002012-12-11T10:29:59.885-08:00The Tuned-In Suburb<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCt335hS8pkw4zevbqlBpKTdvJotcPf1pdIukIJHU16icphox-mSHSzINOPRLubaGS8WM3HUkNvfi18ezZ19sISr1G4EOvhTEUoSHObjdXYxAv5hBcK75RpiQkDWrNK_XFX72sfEjPFTLc/s1600/tuned+suburb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCt335hS8pkw4zevbqlBpKTdvJotcPf1pdIukIJHU16icphox-mSHSzINOPRLubaGS8WM3HUkNvfi18ezZ19sISr1G4EOvhTEUoSHObjdXYxAv5hBcK75RpiQkDWrNK_XFX72sfEjPFTLc/s640/tuned+suburb.jpg" height="212" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Archigram was concerned with the city as a responsive environment. They feared the city's 'life-blood' was being drained, leaving only the endless uniformity of the suburb. Their practice aimed to break with the tradition of conditioning or enabling certain social behavior exemplified by Architects like Smithson. By pursuing new vernacular, they attempted to save the new generation from being condemned to build its predecessor's vision and creating "a second hand, second-rate actuality."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> "The Edwardian garden city has been realised, suitably degraded in our New Towns; Le Corbusier's Ville Radieuse is encamped around Richmond Park, and in many tiny fragments can be seen shouldering aside te slums of south London... There is no comfort"</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">- Peter Cook, <i>Living Arts p.66</i></span></div>
<i><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></i><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Archigram's response to the unresponsive city was to question (though not reject) the urban environment. They engaged in considering the city as a whole and their though led to fantastical re-organizations of the system.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-19348642783642681982012-12-10T14:42:00.003-08:002012-12-11T10:57:08.516-08:00Excreting Ideas: Metabolism in Architecture<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img align="" alt="Awazu Kiyoshi Poster for The Works of Kurokawa Kisho 1970 1022 x 728 mm Collection: Kisho Kurokawa Architect & Associates." class=" caption" src="http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/system/files/imagecache/blog_content_images/file-images/mlmetabolism_13.jpg" height="400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Awazu Kiyoshi Poster for The Works of Kurokawa Kisho 1970 1022 x 728 mm Collection: Kisho Kurokawa Architect & Associates." width="282" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span id="caption" style="z-index: 10500;">Awazu Kiyoshi Poster for The Works of Kurokawa Kisho in 1970</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> The </span>Metabolism
movement in architecture emerged Post-War in the late 1950's Japan, a country
that was recovering from the destruction of the war and entering a period of
economic growth. This group was influenced by the ideas of Team X, a group of
architects and designers who got together after the ninth Congress of CIAM
(International Congresses of Modern Architecture) and challenged the imposed
theoretical approach to urbanism at the time. In 1958, the CIAM disbanded
because of the split that was created. A
group of architects and a writer including Kenzo Tange, Takashi Asada, Kisho
Kurokawa, Kiyonori Kikutake, and Noboru Kawazoe started to plan the <i>World
Design Conference</i> of 1960 and met up to discuss the future of Japanese
architecture and urbanism. At the Conference in Japan, this group become known
as the ‘Metabolist’ group and presented their first pamphlet, <i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metabolism
1960: The proposals for a New Urbanism, </span></i>including the works of Noboru Kawazoe, Kiyonori Kikutake, Fumihiko
Maki, Masato Otaka, Kisho Kurokawa, and Kiyoshi Awazu<i>. </i>This was their
first philosophical statement on architecture relating to a Buddhist notion of
impermanence and constant change and, therefore, abandoning all tradition
values of fixed forms and functions.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> The name ‘Metabolism’ came from the
experimental concept of living organisms that will reproduce, expand, and
transform according to the environment as architecture. Their vision for cities
of the future is of adaptable structures like the growth of organic matter for
large-scale mass societies mainly concerning housing such as a marine city that
can span over all of Tokyo Bay. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The work
of the Metabolists is often referred to as technocratic and is frequently
compared to the conceptual work of the Archigram group including the <i>Plug-in
City, Living Pod, Walking City</i> and <i>Instant City</i>. The Metabolist movement also
influenced other architecture including <i>Habitat ’67</i> by Moshe Safdie, <i>Intrapolis</i> by Walter Jonas, <i>Space city</i> by Yona Friedman, <i>Swimming Hotel</i>
Kairo by Justus Dahinden, and <i>Overbuilding the city of Ragnitz</i> by Günther
Domenig. One of the last works before
the group separated was featured in the Osaka Expo in 1970. </span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit3Da_9hj8xj-aTkvOmnIA_kR-k3b2KLWLk4waxVJvPwDi1wEakJPejdZnIa1GHvXUP3nFM0vMa85vZ9RgKE4OJ_ti0k0dFKTdcRyphZ7pgeN_xU7EHqDpXayEwoU3BzCak_qszIRriKRE/s400/09c-osaka_expo70_kodak_pavilion.jpg" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660745629685141906" style="display: block; height: 267px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Osaka Exposition 1970</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTvTordiqwKe2dhHJZvwsFo8O8U1tcAm6LYiUTMZjY1aD597U-J4RhA_IhjUTdBfxVoja4T619-1oEZptkniKZXvrZSxsUZ9-CZr_tQddhuTQJMJFe1aHYIGnoPo4Gwq1IvHGPfufNRoV/s320/09b-expo_tower.jpg" height="320" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660739870463464258" style="display: block; height: 400px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 300px;" width="240" /><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhutPA3gUIJ-7czlTCmwKCjoklrItpe1bQUcdt_lUlW0P1lUDxUVY0v0MAC5r7xNzzs7oNXUih2PfPJjsfGwGGeTk-Uku_GhmAWGVclQ6mQqMFS0j9mCyZw3qfHMQ8i6HwExfs9bwg-y28h/s320/12.DetailOsakaExpoTower.jpg" height="280" id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Expo Tower, Osaka 1970 by</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Kiyonori Kikutake (Constructed of a central steel pipe with geodesic sphere attachments allowing for further expansion and a panoramic view of the expo)</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMbVbaG9q5dAf9FdGtkUcnJTlNhkl4Pf6R4YO_V3tGlYGKf9p5IWtZ0Qe7rSdIhVyKsKJlvKBKAPSQ9GtTcMEn9epI_b4fsRwvB-XsA1D5MMPQJTb88MPM5wZAMGuG2kWIoEV0ixOcBNX/s400/takara.jpg" class="decoded" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMbVbaG9q5dAf9FdGtkUcnJTlNhkl4Pf6R4YO_V3tGlYGKf9p5IWtZ0Qe7rSdIhVyKsKJlvKBKAPSQ9GtTcMEn9epI_b4fsRwvB-XsA1D5MMPQJTb88MPM5wZAMGuG2kWIoEV0ixOcBNX/s400/takara.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Beautilion Takara, Osaka <span style="font-style: italic;">Expo in 1970 by</span></span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Kisho Kurokawa (a structure of cube caps giving an incomplete aesthetic as a concept of constant growth)</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img src="http://www.essential-architecture.com/IMAGES2/kikutake_city_thumb.jpg" height="385" id="il_fi" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="436" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Marine City, 1958-1963 by Kiyonoiri Kikutake</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img align="" alt="Kikutake Kiyonori Eco Polis c. 1990/2011 (Collage) Courtesy: Kikutake Kiyonori Digital retouch: Hagiwara Kei." class=" caption" src="http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/system/files/imagecache/blog_content_images/file-images/mlmetabolism_04.jpg" height="400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Kikutake Kiyonori Eco Polis c. 1990/2011 (Collage) Courtesy: Kikutake Kiyonori Digital retouch: Hagiwara Kei." width="321" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span id="caption" style="z-index: 10500;">Eco Polis by</span><span id="caption" style="z-index: 10500;"><span id="caption" style="z-index: 10500;"> Kikutake Kiyonori,</span> 1990 (Collage: Kikutake Kiyonori Digital retouch: Hagiwara Kei, </span><span id="caption" style="z-index: 10500;">2011)</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img alt="" src="http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/system/files/upload-images/metabolismoml04_l.png" height="320" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="242" /><img src="http://grahamfoundation.org/system/grants/images/703/large/Mack_05_msg_x.jpg" height="156" id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"> <i>ECO POLIS</i> by </span><span style="font-size: smaller;"><span style="font-size: smaller;">Kikutake Kiyonori</span> (unbuild) early 1990s (Illustration: Morinaga Yoh)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"> </span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3rMOE850bEPqNiyNOEh71wb4N8plxRsExBI4lKcj4znvS7sitcMH0ln3woE40wp6zo_38F65oC8qq4srC87z_XPCp9v_cTJpPE89SdRpRksU7mdBZ8topqGIsop01iqewqpKUsEDTINbF/s1600/kurokawa+agricultural.jpg" height="143" id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="200" /><img alt="" src="http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/system/files/upload-images/mlmetabolismo03.png" height="260" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Agricultural City Project</i> by </span><span style="font-size: smaller;">Kurokawa Kisho</span><span style="font-size: smaller;">(unbuild<i>),</i>1960 (Illustration: Morinaga Yoh</span>)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img alt="" src="http://www.metalocus.es/content/en/system/files/upload-images/metabo3.png" height="320" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="216" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: smaller;"><i>Syowa Station by </i>Asada Takashi and others in 1957. Antarctic (Illustration: Morinaga Yoh</span>)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-177" src="http://sciarctokyo.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/nakagin-capsule-plans-and-sections-and-axon.jpg?w=590" height="225" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="2D AutoCAD Plans and Sections" width="320" /><img src="http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/bora/81nakagincapsulebykisho/cap11.jpg" height="216" id="il_fi" style="padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="320" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Capsule Tower by Kisho Kurokawa (one of the most famous Metabolist residential and office building)</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><img src="http://muza-chan.net/aj/poze-weblog2/nakagin-capsule-tower-shimbashi-big.jpg" height="200" id="il_fi" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-right: 8px; padding-top: 8px;" width="127" /></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Nakagin Capsule Tower</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-35511136537925948362012-12-09T18:28:00.001-08:002012-12-11T11:09:23.829-08:00The Sin Centre<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"> <i>The Sin Centre</i> (1962) also known as the,
“<i>Entertainment Palace</i>” was Michael Webb’s final student thesis that received a
failing grade at the Regent Street Polytechnic even after receiving recognition
from the MoMA as a technic icon and was later featured in <i>Archigram 2</i>. It was
proposed for the site on Empire Theatre in Leicester Square, London. It was an
attempt to bring together separate elements of show time audience and parked
cars with inclined plates that form a winding ramp system. Michael Webb’s <i>Sin
Centre</i> has been displayed at MoMA and has become a technic icon. The <i>Entertainment Palace</i> consists of a bowling alley, a cinema, theatre, coffee
bars and dance areas. Furthermore, there is a large department
store at the ground level and office space above. The spaces are designed to allow for
easy circulating around the facility. Cross-over ramps allow easy movement for
the cars and parking. Cables hold the entire structure together and the floors
are hung by tension cables from heavy cantilever beams supported off the top of
staircase towers.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><img alt="" class="size-full wp-image-951" src="http://cosmopolitanscum.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/image004.jpg?w=640" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="image004" /></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">An axonometric of Helical Stairway </span></span></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-58976877360705549132012-12-09T16:16:00.006-08:002012-12-11T11:10:16.264-08:00Reclining Cushicle<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-47907358203334337732012-12-09T00:19:00.000-08:002012-12-11T11:12:22.718-08:00A Private Residence<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace; font-size: large;"> The man in the photos above is David Greene. David Greene is sporting a Suitaloon that was constructed for an exhibition in the international section of the Milan Triennale in 1967. The theme of this Milan Triennale was "The Greater Number" and dealt with the issues of a rapidly expanding </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Above are maps of the Archigram pavilion at the Milan Triennale. These Handouts were featured in Archigram 8: Popular Park </span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-61225194660424900132012-12-09T00:15:00.000-08:002012-12-11T11:35:04.386-08:00Archigram 8: Popular Pak<br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> “In seven years the
discussion has shifted : first from a search for form to the throwaway
building. From this to the notion of the all-happening city and from this,
inevitably to the future of the ‘building’ as such. In Archigram Seven the
notion of assemblies of programmed or designed objects was beginning to
loosen-up so that it is no surprise to us that Archigram Eight is entirely
concerned with the problem of direct personal provision : of comfort, facility,
satisfaction, enquiry, and above all the effect of all kinds of phenomena upon
each other.</span>”</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px;">– Peter Cook,<i> Archigram 8 Editorial</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwtbsxnYWKxVTk6R3oCMWJqo63rvMZXqveuPOuOcO-HGy30zFrsmCNuzFyzTCu0ras2xXqqhadjX4FFKdUtkC9l3cCzhrBkgX91UmY0wG3ri46Vyq2tih1AALs8MucJWPdUsaoxlzoQlCS/s1600/3134_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwtbsxnYWKxVTk6R3oCMWJqo63rvMZXqveuPOuOcO-HGy30zFrsmCNuzFyzTCu0ras2xXqqhadjX4FFKdUtkC9l3cCzhrBkgX91UmY0wG3ri46Vyq2tih1AALs8MucJWPdUsaoxlzoQlCS/s1600/3134_medium.jpg" height="320" width="265" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <i>Achigram
8</i> was distributed as a set of cards. These cards were packaged in a yellow
envelope. The futuristic text of earlier issues was dropped and replaced with
an Art Nouveau style of font. <i>Archigram 8</i> revolved around eight terms: metamorphosis,
nomad, indeterminacy, hard/soft, emancipation, exchange, response and comfort. <i>Archigram
8</i> came with a legend that classified what terms each project emphasized. Metamorphosis, nomad, indeterminacy and comfort were the terms highlighted
next to Mike Webb’s <i>Cushicle</i>. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Both the <i>Cushicle</i> and <i>Suitaloon</i> are featured as separate projects in
<i>Archigram 8: Popular Pak</i>. The <i>Cushicle</i> and <i>Suitaloon</i> are not viewed as a
single project in any issue of <i>Archigram</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">A
diagram of two <i>Suitaloons </i>combining into one can be found under the heading “Comfort
for Two”. This was the first appearance of the <i>Suitaloon</i> in <i>Archigram</i>. The
<i>Suitaloon</i> is found in <i>Archigram 8</i> near an article entitled <i>‘Hard and Soft-ware’</i>.
This article and the <i>Suitaloon</i> had the same goal in mind. They both set out to blur
the line between mechanical and biological systems. The <i>Suitaloon</i> was a biological organism and its mechanical enclosure interacting as one with
other systems like the <i>Cushicle</i>. The basic necessities found in the <i>Cushicle
and Suitaloon</i> are stripped down to a systems of pipes that wrap around the body
to heat and protect it, like some form of mechanical exoskeleton.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib8z9vkxVPSkffKDc9xOlvRwaQM0UgyNSWbdMWjLh8BRxFXaSyc98CHj91qItKR8wRGmBEBVz6PMsTEOkKaU5dgS5ejWKPUNpz-zTHqAvTn77EjgJ6jEI34NO6hdzLUmpgFDAVvVSFLAep/s1600/3155_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib8z9vkxVPSkffKDc9xOlvRwaQM0UgyNSWbdMWjLh8BRxFXaSyc98CHj91qItKR8wRGmBEBVz6PMsTEOkKaU5dgS5ejWKPUNpz-zTHqAvTn77EjgJ6jEI34NO6hdzLUmpgFDAVvVSFLAep/s1600/3155_medium.jpg" height="228" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> “These
terms ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ are taken from computer jargon. ‘Hardware’
refers to any tangiable (sic), touchable object. ‘Software’ is the system,
message or programme that can be transmitted but not touched.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background: white;">In systems planning
we are reaching a point where the statement ‘the software’ is sufficient to
organise the right (control of/positioning of) arrangement aof (sic) an
environment. This oversimplification has the air – and necessity – of rhetoric
at a particular moment in history. It is in fact very parallel to Futurist of
Machine – architecture rhetoric. Hardware has limitations. Software is being
pitched against it in order to expose architect’s continued complete hang up on
hardware. One the thing has cooler off i litle (sic) we can get on with linking
the two together as response systems.”</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: right;"> -Hard
and Soft-ware</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> “When Otto drew a
detail of the pneumatic spacesuit, he included human skin as a layer of the
outfit. Sure enough, an Archigram project included in Archigram 8 wrapped a combination
of a ‘soft’, inflatable form with responsive technology architecture around the
body. The notion of the suit as the most basic form of housing was at the heart
of Mike Webb’s design for the Suitaloon: Comfort for Two (1967).”</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px; text-indent: 0px;">– Hadas A. Steiner</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisvRpvPGxAwXQ2MUy71bg0qcxXMQlaXGdHDDPm5iY15wNOsn1iQiLbGbCg4fOI4R1qF8jjlees1FrB-T4LaRblqkX0uz7lMC6-77nhvSY0F4rvGF-uJODTbUwG1IXjQiBILY4dTAwbs_OU/s1600/3163_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisvRpvPGxAwXQ2MUy71bg0qcxXMQlaXGdHDDPm5iY15wNOsn1iQiLbGbCg4fOI4R1qF8jjlees1FrB-T4LaRblqkX0uz7lMC6-77nhvSY0F4rvGF-uJODTbUwG1IXjQiBILY4dTAwbs_OU/s1600/3163_medium.jpg" height="280" width="400" /></a><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The
<i>Suitaloon</i> as depicted in<i> Archigram 8</i> represents this idea of the home becoming
a second skin. It was a project with no definition of inside space and outside
space, there was no divide between home and clothing. The <i>Suitaloon </i>was the
ultimate in nomadic living, one of the central themes to <i>Archigram 8</i>. “With the
possibilities of lightweight materials, Webb proposed an enclosure that was
fully transportable, exploited the speed of expansion and deflation,
constituted and reconstituted itself at will, like a lung. It was a house that
was only as durable as clothing and as natural as a second skin.” The <i>Suitaloon</i>
was not to be viewed as a machine for living, but rather as an ever adapting biological/mechanical
extension of daily life. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-87562403706590760342012-12-08T19:17:00.000-08:002012-12-11T11:36:24.510-08:00The Nature of Things<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Many new technologies were invented around the 1960's. These inventions fundamentally restructured everyday life and informed Archigram's vision of future society. As far as inventions go, the 1960s was the most revolutionary decade in human history.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">1954</span></h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
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<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Oral contraceptives- the pill- invented</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The first nonstick teflon pan produced.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The solar cell invented by Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin,</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Ray Kroc started McDonalds.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="display: inline !important; font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 18px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; line-height: normal;"><h3 style="background-color: white; color: #333333; display: inline !important; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">1955</span></h3>
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<ul style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Tetracycline Invented</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Optic fibreinvented.</span></li>
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<div id="articlebody" style="background-color: white; margin: 1.5em 357px 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: static;">
<h3 style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
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1956</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The first computer hard disk used.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The hovercraft invented by Christopher Cockerell.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Bette Nesmith Graham invented "Mistake Out," later renamed liquid paper</span></li>
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<h3 style="color: inherit; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
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1957- First Artificial Satellite in Orbit</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Fortran (computer language) invented.</span></li>
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1958</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Computer Modem invented</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Laser invented by Gordon Gould</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Hula Hoop invented. Becomes a 'fad'.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Integrated circuit invented by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce.</span></li>
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1959- First Unmanned Moon Landing</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; font-style: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The internal pacemaker invented by Wilson Greatbatch.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Barbie Doll invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce both invent the microchip</span></li>
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<h3 style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
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1960- First Successful Weather Satellite Launch</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The halogen lamp invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Etch-a-sketch invented</span></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">
1961- First Manned Space Flight</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Valium invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The nondairy creamer invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">First industrial robotic arm, the Unimate</span></li>
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1962</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The audio casette invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The fiber-tip pen invented by Yukio Horie.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Spacewar, the first computer video game invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Dow Corp invents silicone breast implants.</span></li>
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1963</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The video disk invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Zip codes invented</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Lava lamps invented</span></li>
</ul>
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1964</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Acrylic paint invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Permanent-press fabric invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">BASIC (an early computer language) is invented by John George Kemeny and Tom Kurtz.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
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1965</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Astroturf invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Soft Contact lenses invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">NutraSweet invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The compact disk invented by James Russell.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Kevlar invented by Stephanie Louise Kwolek.</span></li>
</ul>
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1966</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Electronic Fuel injection for cars invented.</span></li>
</ul>
<h3 style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">
1967</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The first handheld calculator invented.</span></li>
</ul>
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1968</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The first computer with integrated circuits made.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">RAM (random access memory) invented by Rober Dennard</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Waterbed invented</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: small;">
1969- First Moon Landing</span></h3>
<ul style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px; margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-decoration: inherit; z-index: 0;">
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The arpnet (first internet) invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The artificial hearing aid invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The ATM invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The taser invented</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The barcode scanner is invented.</span></li>
<li style="font-style: inherit; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">First supersonic flight</span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-20430313296036705012012-12-07T21:15:00.003-08:002012-12-11T11:40:29.181-08:00Space Age: Man on the Move<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> In the UK of the 1950-1960's, technology and population were booming. Unemployment was low- around 3%. Between 1947 and 1957, employment of married women jumped from 18% to 50% and continued to rise. Disposable income increased due to lower taxes. </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Emigration and use of commuter systems was high. Migration represented the presence of work and promise of progress.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> A fundamental aspect of modern lifestyle in 1960's Britain, mobility inevitably forms the basis for Archigram's design work.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh72vopZqbjcE6eBXcvAeuhUMVnnGfqVI96wI_WKxl5Snph9f9PS_NJYzEHvOCNMEJb3yRDP47HvTUlybk4hr5q4f7eFe65p2y9r41_p3bVJF9uCRjFIE_yX5uOZFAyg1UVnHw8Vws0e1K9/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-12-07+at+11.45.21+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh72vopZqbjcE6eBXcvAeuhUMVnnGfqVI96wI_WKxl5Snph9f9PS_NJYzEHvOCNMEJb3yRDP47HvTUlybk4hr5q4f7eFe65p2y9r41_p3bVJF9uCRjFIE_yX5uOZFAyg1UVnHw8Vws0e1K9/s640/Screen+Shot+2012-12-07+at+11.45.21+PM.png" height="347" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> According to the UN archives, the 1950-1960 period, the United Kingdom experienced a net emigration of 540 thousand people, the ninth most in the world. Mobility was a major aspect of British life. Even Michael Webb moved to America. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLDaZsJEjY5DicTPOXLejJ6brGhsxsAiVXOqeZ1U9g4Vr8_r4ztrFuEloqw2Q4BBfMdqTdJORMTRzsL6OwOF-sR1NOh6o0cNNMKcGc9MgXVbbthwyvLJopyUI64XQ3P3Z5a3c45Br8puog/s1600/Screen+Shot+2012-12-07+at+11.58.09+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLDaZsJEjY5DicTPOXLejJ6brGhsxsAiVXOqeZ1U9g4Vr8_r4ztrFuEloqw2Q4BBfMdqTdJORMTRzsL6OwOF-sR1NOh6o0cNNMKcGc9MgXVbbthwyvLJopyUI64XQ3P3Z5a3c45Br8puog/s320/Screen+Shot+2012-12-07+at+11.58.09+PM.png" height="292" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> This diagram is a record of train system use within the UK.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Between 1950 and 1960's, the UK had a net emmigration of half a million, much of which was for work in America, meaning fewer commuters. Concerning more recent statistics, the number of people present to accumulate miles is constantly increasing through natural growth. U</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">sage is measured as a total and considering the fluctuating population, usage of trains by the individual in the 1960s was very high.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">Considering unemployment was at low, we can assume a significant proportion of this usage was for commuters.</span></div>
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<pre style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt;"></pre>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-8686252776858020972012-12-07T20:47:00.002-08:002012-12-11T11:46:40.270-08:00Archigram: The New Generation<style>
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</style><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Archigram Group" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/archigroup.jpg" /> </span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;">An architectural group </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;">of students and office
assistants formed, Archigram, a magazine based in London in 1960s. Bored of what
was being </span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;">built at the time, Peter Cook and David Greene meet up with Michael
Webb, who was</span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"> working on his fourth year project, Furniture Manufacturers Association Headquarters
to escape the boredom of London by writing letters to the press, creating
projects to submit for competitions, and to criticize current projects. As more
people joined each of these meetings, they started to discuss the possibility
of publications since British magazines during the time did not publish any
student work. The name Archig</span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;">ram came from the idea of communication.
Therefore, similar to the word telegram, the magazine was named
archi(tecture)-gram. The group all came from</span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;">different schools giving the
magazine an interesting lead.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><b> </b></span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;">The first publication of the magazine in 1961
included a poem by David Greene explaining the physical and conceptual barriers
of form and expression in the built environment. By the second magazine in
1962, Dennis Crompton, Warren Chalk and Ron Herron, who were already working at
the London County Council's architects department, were invited to join the
magazine. As Peter Cook wrote in the comic strip below, he, Webb, and Greene
were “in awe of Ron, Warren, and Dennis” since they already had the experience
of building. In 1963, the group of six worked together on an exhibition,
“Living</span></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"> City”.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/img/prj_thumbs/108_medium.jpg" height="353" width="640" /> </span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></b>
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"> At the Institute of Contemporary Art and from then the name
Archigram stuck to the group. Starting with Mike Webb’s creation of interesting
space cities, many of the group’s projects drew ideas of technology from the
‘Space Race’. They challenged what the habitation of the future would be like
with the digital information and increase in consumerism in their famous
projects such as the Walking City, Plug-in City and Instant City. The Amazing
Archigram 4 was the pinnacle of the group’s and each of the member’s individual
schemes. By the 1970s, the group was seemed to have started a firm, Archigram
Architects, and had received a major contract to design a casino in Monaco in
1969. However, when the project failed in 1973 causing the Archigram office to
close in 1974, this marked the end of the Archigram.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="font-size: small; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img alt="Archigram Story 1" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/Archigram%20Story-1.jpg" height="304" width="320" /><img alt="Archigram Story 2" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/Archigram%20Story-2.jpg" height="304" width="320" /><img alt="Archigram Story 3" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/Archigram%20Story-3.jpg" height="304" width="320" /><img alt="Archigram Story 4" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/Archigram%20Story-4.jpg" height="304" width="320" /><img alt="Archigram Story 5" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/Archigram%20Story-5.jpg" height="304" width="320" /><img alt="Archigram Story 6" src="http://archigram.westminster.ac.uk/imgs/pics/Archigram%20Story-6.jpg" height="304" width="320" /></span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"></span></b>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-3349406623657402932012-12-07T18:40:00.002-08:002012-12-11T11:53:35.424-08:00The Amazing Archigram 4!<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE0QccDpfmIDnIQSTSpB3QOjVIitXx9Gi0jMCRNOiUTbuCH7NTRUtQQ2En60S8HA-OY8u0vrJy5t5yZOWNu0pGWciVdo9eervCv0sL4wOA04YsB_alEAzICuV9EuPjBCEAwdmzKrtrmSeY/s1600/4.1jpeg.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE0QccDpfmIDnIQSTSpB3QOjVIitXx9Gi0jMCRNOiUTbuCH7NTRUtQQ2En60S8HA-OY8u0vrJy5t5yZOWNu0pGWciVdo9eervCv0sL4wOA04YsB_alEAzICuV9EuPjBCEAwdmzKrtrmSeY/s320/4.1jpeg.jpeg" height="400" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">The cover of <i>Archigram 4</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><i> Zoom Issue</i> was the first international edition of <i>Archigram</i>. The fourth issue discussed science fiction, science fact, and space comics. The projects of <i>Archigram 4</i> borrowed from the imagery of all three themes- all equally wild and imaginative- and especially from the space program.This is the first <i>Archigram</i> issue to feature the word 'capsule' which would later fill the magazines.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> Furthermore, 1964 was the year the <i>Cushicle</i> was conceived, though it was not published in <i>Archigram</i> magazines until 1968. This issue discussed bubbles, space capsules and Plug-Ins, key to the <i>Cushicle's </i>design.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"><i> Archigram 4</i> has bold graphic images and is the most memorable <i>Archigram</i> magazine. The title "Zoom" refers to the speed of assembly inherent to small, prefabricated forms and spacecraft. <i>Archigram 4</i> was 20 pages long and staple bound, the magazine's dimensions were similar to a comic. The middle of
the magazine features paper pop-ups of a city. All the pop-ups in the thousand
or so copies originally produced were hand cut by the members of Archigram. Peter Cook designed the
layout of the magazine save the first six pages and cover. Reyner Banham distributed about seventy copies to his influential colleagues in America and greatly increased Archigram's international reputation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> An essay by Warren Chalk announces the science fiction theme. Various panels from space comics illustrate the essay and emulate a comic book. The essay reads as follows:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">ZOOM. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">A respectfull salute in the general direction of Roy
Lichtenstein and we’re off-- ZOOM ARCHIGRAM goes into orbit with the SPACE
COMIC/SCIENCE FICTION BIT. Interesting is the fact that these goodies produced
outside the conventional closed architect/aesthete situation show a marked
intuitive grasp of principles underlying current in-thinking. Which is great--
The search for radical valid images of cities goes on –- leads in many
directions. The SPACE COMIC universe great in its complexity is just one such
direction, can inspire and encourage the emergence of more courageous concepts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">These SPACE COMIC cities reflect without conscious intention
certain overtones of meaning- illuminate an area of opinion that seeks the
breakdown of conventional attitudes, the disruption of the
“straight-up-and-down” formal vacuum-- necessary to create a more dynamic
environment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Close examination of SPACE COMIC material reveals a two-way
exchange between space comic imagery and the more advanced “real” concepts and
prophesies--Geodesic nets, pneumatic tubes, plastic domes and bubbles-- the
world of thinks--ballon and the inventors pad overlap. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">A bold intuitive gesture that eludes rationalization, the
strip cartoon kick provides a visual jump-off point-- a mental zoom boost--
enables to push aside architectural waste-matter so that reality may emerge.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">The Gap between fantasy and fact narrows—COUSTEAU REALLY
ZOOMS see “Underwater Cities” in next Archigram—METROPOLIS ISSUE</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">In this second half of the twentieth century, the old idols
are crumbline, the old precepts strangely irrelevant, the old dogma no longer
valid. We are in pursuit of an idea, a new vernacular, something to stand
alongside in the space capsules, computers and throw-away packages of an
atomic/electronic age.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Warren Chalk</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">‘The Living City’</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">London, 1963</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> SPACE COMICS,</span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">as Chalk says, represent the overlap of
popular discourse, science fiction, science fact, architecture and technology.
Bubbles, wheels, tubes and capsules were among the new forms promoted. The most significant project from <i>Archigram 4</i> is the first iteration of Chalk, Cook and Crompton's<i> Plug-In City</i>. The design was inspired by space age technology such as the
space capsules. The form of the structure is scarcely more than the
appliances. Overall, <i>Archigram 4</i> boldly advocates the relevance of the day’s most
modern vernacular, which was usually disregarded. These ideas, bubbles, spaceships, technologic environments, capsules and expendability inspired many of Archigram's projects including the <i>Suitaloon and Cushicle</i>. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px;">Like the spacecraft, the <i>Cushicle</i> is composed of only a minimal chassis and vital technologies for living. Through and through, the <i>Suitaloon and Cushicle</i> were influenced by the sci-fi preoccupation with bubbles and technology.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBTdFe9y5rceCnu8BlyFZv4ZKjlkci5MDgW4ydjMqo5LTm7hIdWat_I2gkChAGNnD_VAFOVjcO52dxsoUxgwhRuwx8RvWMofL0FwZP8mVpFRhYjlpZN6_d7qQpJQZMrapQo3VJdoThp8H/s1600/archigram6.11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBTdFe9y5rceCnu8BlyFZv4ZKjlkci5MDgW4ydjMqo5LTm7hIdWat_I2gkChAGNnD_VAFOVjcO52dxsoUxgwhRuwx8RvWMofL0FwZP8mVpFRhYjlpZN6_d7qQpJQZMrapQo3VJdoThp8H/s320/archigram6.11.jpg" height="177" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Archigram 6.11: the capsules and zoom persist</span></td></tr>
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<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-88782489835459033472012-12-07T16:28:00.001-08:002012-12-11T11:59:06.279-08:00Comic Built<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;"><i> Amazing Archigram 4: Zoom Issue</i> inspired the <i>Cushicle </i>with many new perspectives on design. To <i>Archigram 4</i>, technology was form, a building was no more than a bag of frozen peas and comics were predictions.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;"> Space comic technology could be built.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;">As stated in this editorial by Peter Cook, Archigram used contemporary imagery to represent their decade's ingenuity.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;">“It would have been too easy to look over one’s shoulder and fill </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Archigram</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;"> with three dozen of the respected goodies of the last fifty years (interesting that so many would be pre-1930), and the comment ‘What have we lost? What are we missing?’ Yet set against such a feeling of loss is the continuance of something that has not yet disappeared into historical perspective -a tradition that is still developing, and is still original to many of the basic gestures of modern architecture. It shares much of its expression with thise dim, neurotic, enthusiastic days of the Ring, </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Sturm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Der Sturm</a></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;">, and the </span><a href="http://lebbeuswoods.wordpress.com/2009/11/02/santelias-words/" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Futurist Manifesto</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;">- the architectural weirdies of the time feeding the infant Modern Movement. Our document is the </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Space-Comic</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 1.75em;">; its reality is in the gesture, design and natural styling of hardware new to our decade – the capsule, the rocket, the bathyscope, the Zidpark, the handy-pak.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Is it possible for the space-comic’s future to relate once again with buildings-as-built? Can the near-reality of the rocket-object and hovercraft-object, which are virtually ceasing to be cartoons, carry the dynamic (but also non-cartoon) building with them into life as it is? Or shall we be riding in these craft amongst an environment made of CLASP? The ridiculousness of such situation can be compared with the world of Schinkel seen by the Futurist.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">- Peter Cook, Editorial from<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <i>Amazing Archigram 4</i></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-11880227777528332462012-12-06T20:10:00.003-08:002012-12-11T12:31:46.794-08:00Archigram 7: Beyond Architecture<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Although
neither the <i>Cushicle</i> nor <i>Suitaloon</i> were featured in the 7</span></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><sup style="line-height: 115%;">th</sup><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">installment</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> of <i>Archigram.</i> <i>Archigram 7: Beyond Architecture</i> played a vital role in the development
of the <i>Suitaloon</i> and <i>Cushicle</i>. Between the release of the 6</span><sup style="line-height: 115%;">th</sup><span style="line-height: 115%;"> and 7</span><sup style="line-height: 115%;">th</sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">
issues of <i>Archigram</i> there was a shift in society. People began exploring information
systems, communication systems and the advancement of technologies. The members
of Archigram witnessed this shift and quickly </span><span style="line-height: 18px;">realized</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> that the comic strip
language and the study of urban infrastructural systems that dominated previous issues
could not go on. Computer-based technology had been referenced in some earlier
Archigram projects but with the release of <i>Archigram 7: Beyond Architecture</i>,
computing was put in the forefront. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnRLdWkTgtONPS_btSP9V_5jzKxC7fsqW-OTqMXSAccbaAwxZXuBtQCVE3FK-otNDiOJWscXxKNgSkL5gprowZN0LDM1u9bmLzxIpucj2C3bRCX-HzwUML7cY_cuFlnlNFYgO5qUXhZNyC/s1600/3113_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnRLdWkTgtONPS_btSP9V_5jzKxC7fsqW-OTqMXSAccbaAwxZXuBtQCVE3FK-otNDiOJWscXxKNgSkL5gprowZN0LDM1u9bmLzxIpucj2C3bRCX-HzwUML7cY_cuFlnlNFYgO5qUXhZNyC/s200/3113_medium.jpg" height="320" width="256" /></span></a><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> “Its cover illustrated not with a building
but with a computer loom, in December 1966 Archigram no. 7 claimed to be the
first issue that went “Beyond Architecture”. And, Peter Cook warned in his editorial,
“There may be no buildings at all in Archigram 8.”</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 18px;">-Hadas A. Steiner</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><i> Archigram 7</i> was distributed as a series of
loose sheets and inserts all folded together in a plastic bag. The bizarre
packaging of <i>Archigram 7 </i>removed the idea of a predetermined narrative and instead
presented the reader with a low-tech information system. The print of the computer
circuit on the front of the magazine represents a movement in technology that was
going on at the time of<i> Archigram 7’s</i> release. Technology was becoming miniaturized.
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">“</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%;">At the beginning of the Sixties,
electronics was about hot valves and stuff like that. It was end of the Faraday
era, if you like, where the ways of processing electrons were through valves
and various devices that were based on late Nineteenth century discoveries<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>but in the Forties and the Fifties,
and then primarily through the space programme miniaturisation, transistors
have been discovered, lasers have been discovered</span>…"</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"> - Dennis Crompton </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; line-height: 115%; text-align: right; text-indent: 36pt;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheXV6u9EKX-8XTDkLN6Z20Ir7COt6uGFmJdeehMbhQ_IlA6vkaRhyUnO50atrwcg4w1hE3CmyKk3_n0UxnEW4xcP25NDCARzWvB27gGik2A_rl-HjEy6EpO0pyUfZr_P0p3uH26oKT6Gek/s1600/3123_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheXV6u9EKX-8XTDkLN6Z20Ir7COt6uGFmJdeehMbhQ_IlA6vkaRhyUnO50atrwcg4w1hE3CmyKk3_n0UxnEW4xcP25NDCARzWvB27gGik2A_rl-HjEy6EpO0pyUfZr_P0p3uH26oKT6Gek/s200/3123_medium.jpg" height="200" width="161" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 115%;"> The major projects
that can be found in <i>Archigram 7</i> are The <i>Plug in city, The living Pod, the Free
Time Node</i> and <i>Drive-in Housing</i>.</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> Peter Cook also included a do-it-yourself miniature paper model
of the plug in city in <i>Archigram 7</i>. The purpose of this model was to illustrate
the point that the Plug in City was not unified design, but rather a series of loosely
related structures that came together to form an urban site. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> <i> Archigram
7: Beyond Architecture </i>introduces the idea of an architectural language formed
around technology and communication. <i>Archigram 8: Popular Pak </i>elaborates on
the ideas presented in the projects of <i>Archrigram 7.</i></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-mhfcXLb_jnW-H92yKDd_Xi3h2DhKuWS3BmvTP0k_iyTHFFr771lKO3hyU0SiVCGOD0-X2pnczbSs1CUp8rFq3BWAdnvHZfVqd3IRlQ0sYG60oWKt9zp-_ClvWy2-FaBXqdZY1hxNggtd/s1600/3131_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-mhfcXLb_jnW-H92yKDd_Xi3h2DhKuWS3BmvTP0k_iyTHFFr771lKO3hyU0SiVCGOD0-X2pnczbSs1CUp8rFq3BWAdnvHZfVqd3IRlQ0sYG60oWKt9zp-_ClvWy2-FaBXqdZY1hxNggtd/s1600/3131_medium.jpg" height="516" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw9q_MmDuli_A104yF79qGZS4xzwcXPg1fYToE78nBdMUGVhyphenhyphen-0QU1Pakq4FIoQFyiInH8a6HI_biaHVW31eGQ7Q31oYfGXUK6knoyQ0xiWGdgPd_Eeu8JO6n531ZDs-1E6fIG8zwBP2v5/s1600/3267_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw9q_MmDuli_A104yF79qGZS4xzwcXPg1fYToE78nBdMUGVhyphenhyphen-0QU1Pakq4FIoQFyiInH8a6HI_biaHVW31eGQ7Q31oYfGXUK6knoyQ0xiWGdgPd_Eeu8JO6n531ZDs-1E6fIG8zwBP2v5/s1600/3267_medium.jpg" height="545" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-8762806500771740232012-12-06T19:58:00.000-08:002012-12-11T12:33:46.961-08:00Triumph of the Space Age!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhErEznn2zCQjewlpPqsYsT6GZ3cBAai0kqW4HUySOyNY3zAslQSE3bazdo9gFLSe-GmxWIGbCIzTeU4Dm5QAUQpzLIiPuz94WW31QegSKasibIR3vFugHfC6k31DXZPI_gDdivuatb4Wvt/s1600/1958+newspaper.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhErEznn2zCQjewlpPqsYsT6GZ3cBAai0kqW4HUySOyNY3zAslQSE3bazdo9gFLSe-GmxWIGbCIzTeU4Dm5QAUQpzLIiPuz94WW31QegSKasibIR3vFugHfC6k31DXZPI_gDdivuatb4Wvt/s640/1958+newspaper.jpg" height="640" width="504" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">A newspaper headline from 1958.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Many unmanned moon rockets </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">exploded in the first tries.</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnvYd40Xm063Vog-bM1oMs-xHff7SYqJMdv5DdRMQ5tVWuYKLfJn4H6OLKLk8v_zvEnwP87Hp2Ou3oR8K6lIgdSwfv4_hk21sxiYe8AEBl9QVrOGVR-4H_jJXF0uFALieTV7GpCY20ZWGs/s1600/1957+headline.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnvYd40Xm063Vog-bM1oMs-xHff7SYqJMdv5DdRMQ5tVWuYKLfJn4H6OLKLk8v_zvEnwP87Hp2Ou3oR8K6lIgdSwfv4_hk21sxiYe8AEBl9QVrOGVR-4H_jJXF0uFALieTV7GpCY20ZWGs/s400/1957+headline.JPG" height="400" width="250" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidAtA4a93vg046dzp7UbmFe2lHA_dZ6h7z7zstctsgsgp9D2wCaQpzJ2uuqkGtNAdLK0-2B9Hm_ZK5dTb8A9WpqykArrEWx0xtkuLDxjo9hta7w3LCE1ecMsapGAfqdM2qEJWaVusuiW7z/s1600/December+6%252C+1957.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidAtA4a93vg046dzp7UbmFe2lHA_dZ6h7z7zstctsgsgp9D2wCaQpzJ2uuqkGtNAdLK0-2B9Hm_ZK5dTb8A9WpqykArrEWx0xtkuLDxjo9hta7w3LCE1ecMsapGAfqdM2qEJWaVusuiW7z/s400/December+6%252C+1957.jpg" height="400" width="252" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;">Headlines: October 5, 1957 and December 6, 1957. Los Angeles Times.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Here are some designs, difficulties and triumphs of the 1950's space race. The 1961 Mercury is part of the body of spacecraft designs that inspired Archigram's various capsule type structures.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirpNlBmNThIeX9aJd1akwYSMq879Zt2iqfj2OUBXW_G23h5E2mrKREvvBkHKEMrOaGdplDMZIJ4s1-mA_AC6OfhhsQzZQgIviXUUAeOm3fo6CjQDS2atdhu-jWtThr9Eq8VMG7tfX2SuDh/s1600/space+capsule+1961.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirpNlBmNThIeX9aJd1akwYSMq879Zt2iqfj2OUBXW_G23h5E2mrKREvvBkHKEMrOaGdplDMZIJ4s1-mA_AC6OfhhsQzZQgIviXUUAeOm3fo6CjQDS2atdhu-jWtThr9Eq8VMG7tfX2SuDh/s400/space+capsule+1961.jpg" height="400" width="305" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">A diagram of a spacecraft. published in 1961. The Mercury project was released in 1958 and underwent sever subsequent iterations. The project had two successful manned launches and several unmanned orbits.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0u217PCXSg3AEE-KlM2GUFwsWGubXWwh5Lxsc12TJB3_3avIY4SBl45UtheV0AMS89iZhR3npstOLVqWIvDmEt7ruVH_GaZvKhOueKlhRjy6dNgsHPBzvDdAbw5C_NPKaxWdVb6Z1bcY4/s1600/first+man+in+sapce.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0u217PCXSg3AEE-KlM2GUFwsWGubXWwh5Lxsc12TJB3_3avIY4SBl45UtheV0AMS89iZhR3npstOLVqWIvDmEt7ruVH_GaZvKhOueKlhRjy6dNgsHPBzvDdAbw5C_NPKaxWdVb6Z1bcY4/s640/first+man+in+sapce.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">A newspaper headline from April 11, 1961</span></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-13715915356261029782012-12-06T19:03:00.001-08:002012-12-11T12:43:12.396-08:00Indispensible Archigram Work<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Michael Webb's <i>Cushicle</i> was produced in 1964, the year <i>Archigram 4: "Zoom Issue"</i>, featuring the <i>Plug-In-City</i> was published. Later that year, the <i>Gasket Homes</i> were also produced. These projects explored ways to integrate technology in a total urban society.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-large;"><b>The Plug-In-City</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: x-small;"><b>by Warren Chalk, Peter Cook and Dennis Crompton</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo8Ls6DgYZ9nSMxJoa6vk017xzX4Ot_9h30J7GaqmL_9e9ENyzn1reZTkC3mApYXY-xY8KDKgzYlj198C9OjqIn6LSRz-tX1f_hXHo8HTk7KlJWa61ghJwq7Ogp-MP-5ZeXwQ-bNZChYKW/s1600/archigram3.c.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo8Ls6DgYZ9nSMxJoa6vk017xzX4Ot_9h30J7GaqmL_9e9ENyzn1reZTkC3mApYXY-xY8KDKgzYlj198C9OjqIn6LSRz-tX1f_hXHo8HTk7KlJWa61ghJwq7Ogp-MP-5ZeXwQ-bNZChYKW/s320/archigram3.c.jpeg" height="400" width="247" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-indent: 36pt;"> This is a vision
of a computer-controlled society where all buildings are expendable. The
project questions: “What if the whole urban environment were structured for
change?”. Its response is a dramatic, endless cityscapes of stacked capsules on
superstructures, locking together yet easily removable by crane. Transportation
merely involves moving up or down a level and cars are absent, replaced
monorails. In <i>Archigram 4</i>, Warren Chalk writes “the home, the whole city
and the frozen pea pack are one in the same”, a manifesto of the Plug-In
concept. On the same page, he writes “the idea of an expendable environment is
somehow akin to anarchy… as it in order to make it work [we] would bulldoze
Westminster Alley”. He is right about the attitude toward expendability, as the
idea of the idea of plug-in city was called cold and soulless in a Sunday Times
article from September 20</span><sup style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-indent: 36pt;">th</sup><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-indent: 36pt;">, 1964.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">This assessment is not wholly
true of untrue. In the drawings, <i>the Plug-In City </i>is envisioned to encompass
huge areas of land as superstructures connecting the ends of the country. Yet,
each building outcrop is deliberately ‘varietous’, to avoid being a ‘deadly
piece of built mathematics’, a clear rejection of modernism. Still, the
laneways, cranes and airships of <i>the Plug-In City</i> are deliberately emphasized
and are the constituent and vital technologies of the city. Though a fully
built environment, places would constantly exchange parts and be updated and
reinvented to accommodate their inhabitants’ conditions. Whenever faced with
questions such as ‘where do the babies and seniors live?’ Chalk, Cook and
Crompton would return to their drawings and invent a new plug-in. So, in a way,
the environment is both unwelcoming and fully accommodating.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpX-dMT8-0fDUY_76V6NlCvB0cwkP-ZGIMv832_GPOLp3nUTrY9cTVki5BLj-XXPQwY3JODuM1r6an7HEOsF-udBTrXlCKxtn7f5jfBHKf97VYwXj0dVDNv_x9gQdfNNcVICvoU4jEbly5/s1600/plug+in+city.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpX-dMT8-0fDUY_76V6NlCvB0cwkP-ZGIMv832_GPOLp3nUTrY9cTVki5BLj-XXPQwY3JODuM1r6an7HEOsF-udBTrXlCKxtn7f5jfBHKf97VYwXj0dVDNv_x9gQdfNNcVICvoU4jEbly5/s400/plug+in+city.jpg" height="400" width="316" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">A map representing spread of </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">the Plug-In-City in red</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsvpREGRb30dzH4VafnsRKTq6aQkmoNhlIA25h1Nj1ys7b8bSKitGsxSzDBNMF6CJDMJ1o-AlRt8E7HE1Z5xEQZIiECx1ErM6pHtyKZ7bVoMbdjcPnltWe0GH-RCbxv00ju3et1eDUIOo/s1600/project.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggsvpREGRb30dzH4VafnsRKTq6aQkmoNhlIA25h1Nj1ys7b8bSKitGsxSzDBNMF6CJDMJ1o-AlRt8E7HE1Z5xEQZIiECx1ErM6pHtyKZ7bVoMbdjcPnltWe0GH-RCbxv00ju3et1eDUIOo/s640/project.jpeg" height="599" title="A diagram representing mechanical infrastructure in the Plu-In-City" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr3qAItY6QgaII52NBIUwDUihOLOWLaDe3mZv1Rq-8chil0gQANnRV-nGgtKCiQVJZCYCVlsYr7Kq42HLz99PXYsEv8pDeTtzaFj4wTHScxJ6iJgmJkvmQIEry-5BIiPZSe9lK1DhFna2y/s1600/Plug+In+City1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Basic structural framework of the Plug-In City with attached plug-ins" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr3qAItY6QgaII52NBIUwDUihOLOWLaDe3mZv1Rq-8chil0gQANnRV-nGgtKCiQVJZCYCVlsYr7Kq42HLz99PXYsEv8pDeTtzaFj4wTHScxJ6iJgmJkvmQIEry-5BIiPZSe9lK1DhFna2y/s640/Plug+In+City1.jpg" height="573" title="" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Artwork depicting the Plug-In-City</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>THE CAPSULE HOMES</b></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1q1lRSXLP1T7KAuEWYQQd4yQ4L5Soo7AJ4AAPwFSAe2oCXGFNqfUbv4eFB41bxPewWvfl4AC_BSNh0APVlz0IbbrvsTSDsrRQNUjE8ZBrmIViriG3bRrkPO6gWI8zrgxeqNHFrj2HCpL8/s1600/capsule+homes1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1q1lRSXLP1T7KAuEWYQQd4yQ4L5Soo7AJ4AAPwFSAe2oCXGFNqfUbv4eFB41bxPewWvfl4AC_BSNh0APVlz0IbbrvsTSDsrRQNUjE8ZBrmIViriG3bRrkPO6gWI8zrgxeqNHFrj2HCpL8/s320/capsule+homes1.jpg" height="366" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">A Capsule Home</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">by Warren Chalk
were the beginning of Archigrams extensive work with the word ‘capsule’. Chalk
was commissioned to design a prefabricated dwelling space capsule by Taylor
Woodrow and the only constraint was that they needed to stack. <i>The Capsule Home</i>
quickly became a study in ergonomics. Using cars as an analogy, Chalk proposed
a system of total interchangeability. Each cluster of capsules would have a
crane overhead for opening out or clipping in the highly sophisticated parts. They
were imagined to be pressed metal though pressed paper was also considered for
weight. The capsules, though a separate project, were realized to be the necessary
form of mass residence in the <i>Plug-In City</i>.<i> The Capsule Home</i>, even when
separate from the city, inevitably implies a lifestyle of total urbanism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <i>Plug-In City, Gasket Homes </i>and the <i>Cushicle</i> all require a central armature. They </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">are all predicated on an assembly of expendable parts. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">They explore technology as the framework of
dwellings and, consistent with the theme of <i>Arhigram 4</i>, are science
fiction dreams. These are maximally ergonomic dwelling solutions for
different scales- the<i> Cushicle</i> for the individual, <i>the Capsule Home</i> for the
Family,<i> the Plug-In City</i> for the community. The<i> Cushicle </i>like a tiny capsule with flexible walls. Anywhere the <i>Cushicle</i> goes, the
amenities of the city are brought too: the<i> Cushicle</i> too implies total urbanism. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtE1bBHHvC7iGS6d9bXE6l0Wjjuzr2O0ApYJZtsqKQZYsjunDQDuMVyGFn0Aub0V95zOPThQvQ4gUpoyRY1rtDtsu6sYFb2em7ANXDu-z1agwBZcGCQegeqwGLWxIf0OuZNU2M4pGY8Znq/s1600/capsule+homes2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtE1bBHHvC7iGS6d9bXE6l0Wjjuzr2O0ApYJZtsqKQZYsjunDQDuMVyGFn0Aub0V95zOPThQvQ4gUpoyRY1rtDtsu6sYFb2em7ANXDu-z1agwBZcGCQegeqwGLWxIf0OuZNU2M4pGY8Znq/s320/capsule+homes2.jpg" height="400" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Elevations and Plans of a Capsule homes</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> on a superstructure</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnPtSeFHBwPNuEeWhf-dn8H4p2oxnMv1g3bA6ha4J0AHBnxcxlzH1BmEGvIb_NdclJlCzfUVuPAjUMc6qOf7braqqu-SUPCHcgGxngH5UOgIAvF19pa2GZHn5qIcoug-C_jrgUdXQi_Aa_/s1600/plug+in+city2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnPtSeFHBwPNuEeWhf-dn8H4p2oxnMv1g3bA6ha4J0AHBnxcxlzH1BmEGvIb_NdclJlCzfUVuPAjUMc6qOf7braqqu-SUPCHcgGxngH5UOgIAvF19pa2GZHn5qIcoug-C_jrgUdXQi_Aa_/s320/plug+in+city2.jpg" height="182" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Elevations and Sections of some </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Plug-In-City superstructures</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPZfXyz5wHOuluWGScd5-_p35tk5vlfuNA7bhi1GiqHThScA9_nDdJ-1S5uIWk1wur-YhBCgHRWxPjjNNnNUs8VjXF5UEV3H5oiR9Te38-lvOn1KcCsOcNf87oiUyenp58cAAI2LiKVJnZ/s1600/cushicle1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Despite the foresight of including a screen, Webb did not foresee the elimination of bunny ears." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPZfXyz5wHOuluWGScd5-_p35tk5vlfuNA7bhi1GiqHThScA9_nDdJ-1S5uIWk1wur-YhBCgHRWxPjjNNnNUs8VjXF5UEV3H5oiR9Te38-lvOn1KcCsOcNf87oiUyenp58cAAI2LiKVJnZ/s320/cushicle1.jpg" height="335" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">The armature of the Cushicle</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-47281146953957140902012-12-06T18:41:00.002-08:002012-12-11T12:47:17.878-08:00Space Suitaloon<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-indent: 36pt;"> Many of Archigram’s projects, such as Inflatable Architecture and the <i>Suitaloon</i>, were inspired by the invention of
the spacesuit. Soft-suit technology inspired radical
architecture in the late 1960's and early 1970's. Soft architecture was designed
for adaptability malleability, mobility and impermanence. For pop-culture influenced groups, like Archigram, it was a symbol of liberation and
independence from cultural and social norms in Britain. Other
experimental architects, soft architecture represented transnational and leisurely
living in the post-political era implying the dissolution of boarders between nations and
the unity of humanity in the face of the potential for mutual nuclear
annihilation.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; text-indent: 36pt;"> The <i>Suitaloon</i>, like the space suit, offers people the much
needed nomadic lifestyle in a world where living and working occur in a
distributed network. It enables an explorer the ability to pursue opportunities
while having a high standard comfort with minimal effort. The <i>Cushicle</i> carries
food, and water, and has a radio, television and heating apparatus. Archigram
was inspired by the spacesuits ability support the life of a human while making
their mobility limitless.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEg-g-QkLmOKJzgr6DteoeFopkJFDNdAzOXW9-7BluHXqoFuytgZhcWSWTwaRoqsbEISqNg2NAuy8NNJkpKnQq9svpCNlMxllEHuMvJWoNv34NTg4bDx6ldo-jzuKtuItGOpKyY1L87AuPjB-IN26XBRtscG8HnuQSdEFQ-OrHeC1u5C176SrMU=" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://mfareview.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/cushicle2.jpeg?w=614&h=371" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span id="internal-source-marker_0.839709788746042" style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;">SWINGING SIXTIES</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span>
<a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m6myl9wJqU1qzdzwdo1_500.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m6myl9wJqU1qzdzwdo1_500.jpg" height="211" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"> The "swinging sixties" was a time of many social changes. During this time, civil rights movements, decolonization women’s liberation, gay & lesbian liberation, green and peace movements occurred.Issues such as pornography, marriage breakdowns, single parent families, welfare state dependency, drugs and youth crime all developed in the"permissiveness" of the sixties.</span></span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"> The baby boomer generation, had a great desire for personal freedom. People challenged social practices, and liked the ideas of hippies of free love and free thinking. Drug use and sexual experimentation was popular and was inspired by new musical artists like the Beatles. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b>THE MULTI-CULTURAL WORLD</b></span></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/NMSChXXF5-41xCiEdSuZK_zvPyEJpwd-Vd8U76PzXamZlrTkaYutsmMWIdvLfNJtprf15r4K8rO6IM0L8YnSQ3FXgccTmaRWg5x8vsGfYau9uyXgX8AK" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/NMSChXXF5-41xCiEdSuZK_zvPyEJpwd-Vd8U76PzXamZlrTkaYutsmMWIdvLfNJtprf15r4K8rO6IM0L8YnSQ3FXgccTmaRWg5x8vsGfYau9uyXgX8AK" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Martin Luther King Junior's historic speech</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"> The fifties instituted black civil rights. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional the 1954 case, </span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">Brown v. Board of Education</span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"> In Montgomery, Alabama, 1955 black citizens boycotted city buses to protest against race discrimination in the city’s bus service. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15.555556297302246px;">In the sixties, the black civil rights movement picked up its pace.</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px;"> Leaders such as King and Malcolm X became prominent. Organizations against black civil rights, such as the KKK organized many strikes, marches, rallies, riots, and violent confrontations. In the Late </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">1960s government unions began to grow apart as the number of strikes increased.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR7NKKDaMfI9jG30Ahiw_TOEEHvljzldifpEw26CmLPAvZbNMYWIoHGHzve-Rf-jKX1lan9G4UbpjkdXvJnAqsu6dov5Nqby2HErBp7UATXfE0VhyB7dX8km32pt2DsUcYMGvhSFIlOCCO/s1600/Race+Riots+1958.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR7NKKDaMfI9jG30Ahiw_TOEEHvljzldifpEw26CmLPAvZbNMYWIoHGHzve-Rf-jKX1lan9G4UbpjkdXvJnAqsu6dov5Nqby2HErBp7UATXfE0VhyB7dX8km32pt2DsUcYMGvhSFIlOCCO/s320/Race+Riots+1958.jpg" height="218" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Several years of casual racism escalated to violence during the Notting Hill riots of 1958. Several minor acts of violence led to<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px;"> "200-strong mob rampaging through the streets of the slum of Notting Hill armed with weapons, including sticks and butcher's knives, shouting "Down with the niggers" and "Go home you black bastards"." on the night of August 30, 1958. The riot lasted three days and many people, black and white, were injured or killed before the riot died down and got subdued by the bobbies. The Notting Hill riots of '58 are some of the worst racial violence Britain has ever seen. Notting Hill is now an upscale neighbourhood.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;">SPACE RACE</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"> The Space Race was a race between the two superpowers of the Cold War, the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . The rivalry between the two countries created during the second world war carried on, as they fought to establish technological supremacy in their military and later, in their aeronautics and astronautics.The Space Race was propelled by civilian and military goals as well as political propaganda within and outside the countries. With the invention of the space suit that allowed man to survive in space, Archigram was inspired by the minimal bubble suit that could sustain the life of a man. The fast development of science and technology, was the cause of Archigrams extreme futuristic architectural ideas and served as inspiration for their projects.</span></span><br />
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<img src="http://mfareview.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/spacesuit2.jpeg?w=640" /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: baseline;">RATIONING/ BRITISH ECONOMY</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;"> After the Second World War, Britain accumulated a huge debt to US and suffered a large trade deficit as well as loss of colonies and power. It became cheaper to buy cars overseas, and was a time of rampant inflation, industrial confrontation and mass unemployment. People lived in poor economic conditions and dealt with it with their freedom of expression causing a social reform.</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-56200943663420910522012-12-06T15:03:00.003-08:002012-12-11T12:51:34.646-08:00Walking City<!--[if !mso]>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJdzPWSeyEJmw8omTPXmNFGnaCabt_ooh3pcgJEVjO1-e484iBrNNQp4EnhF1P2OBVRs0QO09A2L1eB-8Nu70tNOrg6WceWzFTjnWLxZDti8mEwC-gKuDlpaqrK4QqjaEjwXhP27tjWAIy/s1600/Walking+city1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJdzPWSeyEJmw8omTPXmNFGnaCabt_ooh3pcgJEVjO1-e484iBrNNQp4EnhF1P2OBVRs0QO09A2L1eB-8Nu70tNOrg6WceWzFTjnWLxZDti8mEwC-gKuDlpaqrK4QqjaEjwXhP27tjWAIy/s400/Walking+city1.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMhLm3P-5zvD5_8g3JpRRekiIKVClt9FrwcvJ3BJPM3aFgz8tielJTq3AkpPywXMlrYoivr9yoYkx8vxXuAJXA0hTTHi59P8-NZpZAUxhb8lNyvr8vphQuAdc1NA1ZqsroBpQZbvt119yJ/s1600/328_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMhLm3P-5zvD5_8g3JpRRekiIKVClt9FrwcvJ3BJPM3aFgz8tielJTq3AkpPywXMlrYoivr9yoYkx8vxXuAJXA0hTTHi59P8-NZpZAUxhb8lNyvr8vphQuAdc1NA1ZqsroBpQZbvt119yJ/s1600/328_medium.jpg" height="263" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> <i>The Walking City</i> is one of Archigram’s most recognizable
works. Executed by Warren Chalk and Ron Herron in 1964 , it the clearest
representation of Archigram’s quest to design a mobile urbanity. Like many of
Archigram’s projects, <i>the Walking City</i> anticipates life in a fast-paced,
technologically advanced urban society where individuals are not tied to
permanent location. The structures are conceived to plug into static utilities
and networks according to the occupants’ needs and have amenities plugged into
them. This nomadic existence anticipates some of Archigram’s later projects,
which foresee a global information market. Though widely considered
impractical, such structures are argued to be solutions to intra-ageing
infrastructure.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> This
work shows a relationship to the<i> Cushicle and Suitaloon</i> studying minimal
technological structures. Like the <i>Cushicle</i>, the function is the aesthetic.
Like the <i>Suitaloon</i>, <i>the Walking City</i> anticipates a nomadic lifestyle in any
environment.</span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">the walking city in the desert</span></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-60298176836582979942012-12-06T14:58:00.001-08:002012-12-11T12:56:37.793-08:00Bubble In Ideas<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;"><b>Bubble</b> architecture was the premise for the <i>Suitaloon and Cushicle</i>.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiStiDpGM2_W54EMMg-yHW731nXU2b8K5e0daxDKOQfQygE4c_eA0eb30UbkvPgq4Wln53zw8XPK3L8m92AHH9Chhv3Sx0Ix_jQNo3bdKv3qGEZXZc6expZYI5566Aq0RSz9pG5N1OrxuVR/s1600/3030_medium.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiStiDpGM2_W54EMMg-yHW731nXU2b8K5e0daxDKOQfQygE4c_eA0eb30UbkvPgq4Wln53zw8XPK3L8m92AHH9Chhv3Sx0Ix_jQNo3bdKv3qGEZXZc6expZYI5566Aq0RSz9pG5N1OrxuVR/s320/3030_medium.jpeg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Above, Page 12 of <br />Archigram 4: Zoom;<br />Below, Page 13</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Bubbles have fascinated mathematicians and scientists since 200BCE. Yet, despite the quick construction of such
structures, membranes were rarely used for buildings because they lack
rigidity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> The interest in bubble architecture ignited with the post-war
science fiction genre. Inventive technologies for zero gravity, midcity, midair and underwater were being imagined just as such things were becoming possible. Pneumatic technology advanced and gave bubbles sci-fi credibility. Suddenly, the bubble was the ideal living condition of the post-war era.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Bubbles became popular as enclosures for exhibitions. Possessing no structural members, they overcame conventional building
technology, were cheap and had variable perimeter. Being light,</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;"> were a fast easy way to cover large areas. </span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;">For designers, the constantly churning fan inflating
the membrane created fascinating tension between perfect mathematical form and
formlessness. The thin membrane challenged the definition of ‘enclosure’. The structure reacts to changes in the environment like wind and rain. Unlike tents or inflatables, the self regulated membrane has no skeleton and will float away before collapsing in. In comparison, even capsule architecture seems
heavy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Downfalls which prevent the use of membranes as enclosure include the lack of any rigid form and disturbing instability when the air
currents are interrupted by walking people or environmental factors. The fans they
required to stay inflated can be very loud.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKlZ5fbjT6cA67klrM_koCxAktFJ05rTNOXy52MG3ybPjKZBIboFbNWTPsLeTcNt59kY_2TZY_w9rc3pxKI1Ihbd34jojv5bPa4KjUISF2UL4FOqYWTIj_cTWVboinxaqO2Mv2ZXsmst_6/s1600/seaside+bubbles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKlZ5fbjT6cA67klrM_koCxAktFJ05rTNOXy52MG3ybPjKZBIboFbNWTPsLeTcNt59kY_2TZY_w9rc3pxKI1Ihbd34jojv5bPa4KjUISF2UL4FOqYWTIj_cTWVboinxaqO2Mv2ZXsmst_6/s320/seaside+bubbles.jpg" height="291" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Archigram's <i>Seaside Bubbles</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"></span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> In 1956, James Stirling had already exhibited a sculpture
extrapolated from the form of soap bubbles at the This Is Tomorrow exhibition
and Victor Lundy’s Atoms of Peace Pavillion (1960) was shaped like two conjoined
bubbles. The idea was already explored when Archigram entered.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> In <i>Archigram 3</i>, bubbles were introduced as a form of expendable architecture. In <i>Archigram 4 </i>(1964) Bubbles were explored as a facet of science fiction. Among other Archigram projects, Ron Herron’s 1966 pneumatic ‘<i>Seaside Bubbles</i>’ explored the explored a modular and
pliable environment. Micheal Webb’s 1967<i> Suitaloon</i> distilled the bubble dwelling. With an ultra thin membrane, reactive attachment to other bubbles and skin-like organic structure the <i>Suitaloon</i> is literally a personal bubble.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhetK8USfabWEW5OQdkWGj8ZgYoa3K4E9vToXJoVtpY4ncix8yVtjTmMs3-_IjNdwAvEI2s6jNUlALRhL-SfIojbdAj71iuK4m7hJZ38DwgsozRVJw_enw5UfuP50L-sUIEFpNQZi0lwbN3/s1600/bubbles+stirling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhetK8USfabWEW5OQdkWGj8ZgYoa3K4E9vToXJoVtpY4ncix8yVtjTmMs3-_IjNdwAvEI2s6jNUlALRhL-SfIojbdAj71iuK4m7hJZ38DwgsozRVJw_enw5UfuP50L-sUIEFpNQZi0lwbN3/s320/bubbles+stirling.jpg" height="320" width="229" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Sculpture by James Stirling (1956)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9wuezaxM0mXvGndqgZ2eaC2GT6K5L8W7bWRUxYr07eQm_TmbJGEeYD0DFYKNHbx_ZvWaYCjQYfDVnQ0SKXlhagLP6TUJ3FXH_6FdNqwz5AGZtv9UyIOUpiwbSCym4Mik79F513hcHRHLA/s1600/victor+lundy+bubble.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9wuezaxM0mXvGndqgZ2eaC2GT6K5L8W7bWRUxYr07eQm_TmbJGEeYD0DFYKNHbx_ZvWaYCjQYfDVnQ0SKXlhagLP6TUJ3FXH_6FdNqwz5AGZtv9UyIOUpiwbSCym4Mik79F513hcHRHLA/s320/victor+lundy+bubble.jpg" height="268" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Victor Lundy's Air supported structure (1955)</span></td></tr>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-83893143191914277142012-12-06T14:04:00.001-08:002012-12-09T12:02:06.722-08:00Renaissance Residence<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguOFFkvQNr2mE7RqLXzvxpjokBmPHBSZedNDFOiYXNlAlhJWLogZXYDCL6BAi7lVIEx6IdiIRoAjhVlVDHZ0Wk6XhGX7BU0BTEax-OZOs38bj-_r60r3ikW5LjOiY1ndxSqoGCqQFWZr4i/s1600/3805_medium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguOFFkvQNr2mE7RqLXzvxpjokBmPHBSZedNDFOiYXNlAlhJWLogZXYDCL6BAi7lVIEx6IdiIRoAjhVlVDHZ0Wk6XhGX7BU0BTEax-OZOs38bj-_r60r3ikW5LjOiY1ndxSqoGCqQFWZr4i/s320/3805_medium.jpg" height="127" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Y0VCYAfk9uuqxldVKtF02ZumFdVIP_h8nwe3GMYDO8_eQWhf3p_RZveVJqOe4nEh9jbm60S9XOM_WpSJqcCrs0L9fixne9NkFZtLcuXQ-rHzXrRx9B8YBrhzYDBfmxSkFOXKoUUv9xC1/s1600/Imagen11.+Suitaloon+totalmente+inflado.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7Y0VCYAfk9uuqxldVKtF02ZumFdVIP_h8nwe3GMYDO8_eQWhf3p_RZveVJqOe4nEh9jbm60S9XOM_WpSJqcCrs0L9fixne9NkFZtLcuXQ-rHzXrRx9B8YBrhzYDBfmxSkFOXKoUUv9xC1/s320/Imagen11.+Suitaloon+totalmente+inflado.jpg" height="325" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">Michelangelo's David wearing a Suitaloon. </span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3271308388590263283.post-86364837191318833582012-12-05T19:13:00.003-08:002012-12-10T17:04:20.855-08:00Real Life Woes<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">A comic by Derek Boshier, 1967. "Gustav Metzger, the radical author of the manifesto on Auto-Destructive Art(1959), saw the evils of slaughter and car technology as equally pernicious."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><br /></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18380936399892265207noreply@blogger.com